bhojpurigrammer.blogspot.com: 2020

InBho: Bhojpuri Graamar:: भोजपुरी व्याकरण (With 21^st Sencuri Inglish) 4^th EDDisan.

www.bhojpurigrammer.blogspot.in

www.bhaasaa.blospot.com

P. 59

भोजपुरी व्याकरण

Bhojpur Graamar ( व21^st SencuriInglish)

Bhojpuri Grammar [old English]

अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ग्लोबल भोजपुरी व्याकरण

InTarnesanal Global Bhojpuri, InBho

[International Global Bhojpuri, InBho]

ॐ

भोजपुरी व्याकरण Bhojpuri Graamar

लेख़क: डॉ पण्डित देवदत्त शर्मा

Author: Dr Pt Deo Dutta Sharma

चौठ प्रकाशन सृ. 01.03.9120

CauTh Prakaasan: Sri: 01.03.9120

Fo~rth EDeesan: 08.05.2020 KE

[Fourth Edison: 08.05.2020 CE]

भोजपुरी व्याकरण

Bhojpuri Vyaakaran

Bhojpuri Graamar

Bhojpuri Grammar.

[AntarraasTreey global Bhojpuri www.bhojpurigrammer.blogspot.in , www.bhaasaa.blogspot.com

Publisher: Dr Pt Deo Dutta Sharma

Kamadgiri-806, Kaushambi

Sahibabad- 201010

NCR Delhi.

www.google.com/deoduttasharmaDr

No part of this publication shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or in any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior permission of the Authors or the Publisher.]

विषय सुचि Vizaya Suci KanTenT: Content:

1. “अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ग्लोबल भोजपुरी” AntarraasTreeya Global Bhojpuri,

‘Intarnesanal Global Bhojpuri’ InBho [International Global Bhojpuri]

2. भोजपुरी के जनम काल आ जनम स्थान Bhojpuri ke Janam Kaal auru Janam-Sthaan

da Barth PerioD aend Ple~ses aof ‘Bhojpuri Laenguej’ [The Birth Period and Places of ‘Bhojpuri Language’]

3. ग्लोबल भोजपुरी के उपभासा Global Bhojpuri ke Upbhaasaa,

DaayalekTs aof Global Bhojpuri [Dialects of Global Bhojpuri]

4. “अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ग्लोबल भोजपुरी” के लिपी AntarraasTreeya Bhojpuri ke Lipi

SkripT aof InTarnesana Bhojpuri [Script of International Bhojpuri]

5. भोजपुरी व्याकरण Bhojpuri Vyaakaran: Bhojpuri Graamar [Bhojpuri Grammar]:

5.1 मिनी शब्दावली Mini - Sabdaavali: Mini Diksanari [Mini Dictionary]

5.2 संज्ञा Sangyaa Naaun [Noun]

5.3 सर्वनाम Sarvanaam Pronaaun [Pronoun]

5.4 क्रिया Kriyaa Varb [Verb]

5.5 वाक्यखण्ड Vaakyakhand, कहाउत Kahaaut, कारक Kaarak

Keses aof Naaun, Frezes, Seings [Cases of Noun, Phrases, Sayings]

5.6 वाक्य Vaakya SenTensa [Sentence]

5.7 वाक्य के काल Vaakya ke Kaal. Tenses [Tenses]

6. भोजपुरी साहित्य सत्य विचार Bhojpuri Saahitya: Satya Vicaar

Bhojpuri LiTarecar: Truthful thinking [Bhojpuri Literature: Truthful Thinking]

7. भोजपुरी साहित्य के विशेषता: एगो “दृश्य-श्रव्य-काव्य”.

Bhojpuri Saahitya ke Vishesataa: Ego “Drishya-Shravya-Kaavya”,

Bhojpuri LiTarecar iz aen: ‘Audio-Visual-Art’. [Bhojpuri Literature is an: ‘Audio-Visual-Art’].

8. भोजपुरी गीत Bhojpuri Geet Bhojpuri Saong [Bhojpuri Song]

9. भोजपुरी फिल्म सिनेमा Bhojpuri Film Sinemaa

Bhojpuri Film Sinemaa [Bhojpuri Film Cinema]

10. भोजपुरी के कुछ कृति Bhojpuri ke Kuch Kriti Wark aon Bhojpuri [Work on Bhojpuri]

11. औरु बात Auru baat BaoTTom- Laain [Bottom-Line]

*N1 .संसार में भोजपुरी के बोलनिहार Sansaar me` Bhojpuri Bhaasaa ke Bolanihaar. [Speakers of Bhojpuri Language in the World]

*N2 'रोमन लिपी में भोजपुरी, संस्कृत, इंग्लिश आ दूसर भाषा कईसे लिखल जाव, कि ओकरा के बिना कवनो 'ट्रांस्लिटरेशन' आ उधेड़ -बुन के सही सही उच्चारण कइल जा सके.

‘Roman Lipi’ me` Bhojpuri, Sanskrit, English aa dusar bhaasaa kaise likhal jaaw, ki okaraa ke binaa kawano ‘TraansliTaresan’, aa udheR-bun ke paD*a ke sahi sahi uccaran kail jaa sake.

Haau Tu yuz ‘Roman SkripT’ faor raaiTing Bhojpuri, Sanskrit, Inglish aend adar laenguejes parfekTli, so daeT da se~m kuD bi pronnaaunsD baek, animbiguasli widaauT ‘TraansliTaresan.

[How to use 'Roman Script' for writing Bhojpuri, Sanskrit, English and other languages perfectly, so that the same could be pronounced correctly unambiguously without ‘Transliteration’.]

भोजपुरी व्याकरण: Bhojpuri Graamar

अंतर्राष्ट्रीय भोजपुरी: ग्लोबल भोजपुरी.

AntarraasTreey Bhojpuri: Global Bhojpuri.

InTarnesanal Global Bhojpuri, InBho

International Global Bhojpuri, InBho

लेखक: डॉ पंडित देवदत्त शर्मा, भोजपुरिया.

Baai Dr Pt Deva Datta Sharmaa, Bhojpuriyaa

[By Dr Pt Deo Dutta Sharma, Bhojpuriya]

1. अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ग्लोबल भोजपुरी:

AntarraasTreeya Global Bhojpuri:

InTarnesanal Bhojpuri, InBho

International Bhojpuri, InBho.

"ढेर अज्ञानी लोग कहेलन कि “भोजपुरी खाली आरा, छपरा आ बलिया" के एगो बिहारी भाषा ह", ई आधा सांच बा, काहे कि बलिया तS उत्तर प्रदेश में बा शुरूए से (सृ. 7310, विक्रमी 210, ईसवी 267 से Sri: 7310 se).

“Bhojpuri ego Bihaari Bhaasaa ha”, ee khaali aadhaa saa`c baa. Kaahe ki Bhojpuri surue se “Ara, Chapara, Balliaa” ke ego Bhaasaa maanal jaalaa. Baakir Ballia ta~ surue se Uttar Pradesh me` baa ( सृ. 7310, विक्रमी 210, ईसवी 267 से Sri: 7310) se.

Eh se Bhojpuri ke ‘Ara, Chapra aur Ballia’ ke ego Bihaari bhasaa kahal, kahaa` tak Theek baa?

[“Bhojpuri is a Bihari language”: is half truth, since Ballia is in Uttar Pradesh since 267 CE.]

भोजपुरी सुरुए से ( सृ 7310, विक्रमी 210, ईसवी 267 से Sri: 7310, AD) se, dekhi` किताब: "अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ग्लोबल भोजपुरी" लेखक: डा पंडित देवदत्त शर्मा; भारत के बिहार, झाड़खंड, उत्तर प्रदेश, मध्य प्रदेश, छत्तीसगढ़ आ नेपाल देश में उपयोग में बा.

Bhojpuri surue se (Sri: 7310, Vikrami 210, Vikramaabd: 210, KhrisTyaabd: 267 AD) se Bhaarat ke ‘Bihaar, JhaaRakhanD, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh aa ChattisgaD*a, auru Nepaal desh me` upyog me` baa. dekhi` kitaab: “AntarraasYreey global Bhojpuri”, Author: Dr Pt Deo Dutta Sharma at www.plusgoogle.com):

Sins ebaauT 300AD, Bhojpuri iz spoken in Bihaar, JhaaRkhanD, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, ChattisgaD*a, sTeTs aof Indiaa, aend in Nepaal refar book: “AntarraasYreey global Bhojpuri”, Author: Dr Pt Deo Dutta Sharma at www.plusgoogle.com).

[Since about 300 AD, Bhojpuri is spoken in Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chattishgad states of India, and in Nepal. refer Book: “AntarraasYreey global Bhojpuri”, Author: Dr Pt Deo Dutta Sharma at www.plusgoogle.com)]

अब तS भोजपुरी भारत से बहरी करीब आधा दर्जन देशन में आ बीसों शहरन में` 20 करोड़ से जादा लोग बोले ले, जे 5 महादेशन में पसरल बाड़े.

Ab ta~ Bhojpuri Bhaasaa ke Bhaarat me` 7-8 praantan me` auru Bhaarat se baahar karib aadhaa darzan desan me` auru beeso` shaharan me` 20 karoR se jaadaa log bolelan je Paa`c Mahaadeshan me` pasral baaRan.

[Now, Bhojpuri is spoken by over 200 million people in 7-8 states of India, and about half dozen countries of the World and in about 20 cities spread over 5 Continents.]

ई भोजपुरी, जे संसार के अनेको देशन में बोलल जाला, जेकरा के 'देवनागरी' चाहे 'रोमन' लिपि’ में लिखल जा सकेला; ओकरा के "अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ग्लोबल भोजपुरी", InBho कहल जाला.

Ee ‘Bhojpuri’ jekaraa ke Sansaar ke aneko` desan me`bolal jaalaa, aa jekaraa ke Devanaagai caahe Roman me` se kawano Lipi me` likhal jaa sakelaa, okare ke “AntarraasTreeya Global Bhojpuri” InBho kahal jaalaa.

Jaadaa jaane khaatir dekhi` AntarraasTreey Bhojpuri eSkool, InBho www.bhojpuriaalog.blogspot.com pa.

[The ‘Bhojpuri’ which is spoken in many countries of the World, written in ‘Devanagari or Roman Scripts’ is known as “International Global Bhojpuri” InBho. For more one may go to "AntarraasTreey Bhojpuri eSkool", InBho at www.bhojpuriaalog.blogspot.com]

"अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ग्लोबल भोजपुरी" InBho:

"अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ग्लोबल भोजपुरी" के 'रोमन लिपि' आसानी से लिखे अउरु फेरु ओकरा के शुद्ध शुद्ध पढ़े खातिर, अउरु कुछ शुरुआती जानकारी खातिर देखीं किताब:

“Bhojpuri Bhaasaa” [with English Commentary to help 1000s of ‘Bhojpuri Lovers’ to learn it easily] जेकर लिंक ऊपर देल बा.

>>> इहाँ जे कुछुओ लिखल बा ऊ ढेर दशकन खोज के बादे लिखल जाता.

'‘AntarraasTreeya Global Bhojpuri" ke ‘Roman Lipi’ me` aasaani se likhe auru fer okaraa ke shuddha shuddha paD*e khaatir, auru suruaati kuch jaanakaari khaatir dekhi` kitaab: “Bhojpuri Bhaasaa” [with English Commentary to help 1000s of ‘Bhojpuri Lovers’ to learn it easily] jekar link uupar del baa.

>>> Eehaa` je kuchuo likhal baa uu dher dasakan ke khoj ke baade likhal jaataa.

[Whatever is produced here, one may not find anywhere else, since these are being written after decades of the study and research on the subject.]

2. भोजपुरी के जनम काल आ जनम-स्थान.

Bhojpuri ke Janam Kaal aa Janam-Sthaan:

Orijin aof Bhojpuri Laenguej: Eraa, Eriaa.

[Origin of Bhojpuri Language: Era, Area]:

2.1 भोजपुरी के जनम काल: 300 KE के करीब

Bhojpuri ke Janam Kaal: 300 CE ke karib.
सृष्टयाब्द 1 972 947 367, छोट में` सृ. 7367

SrisTyaabd: 1 972 947 367, choT me` Sri: 7367

da Barth aof Bhojpuri: 267 KE.

[The Birth of Bhojpuri: 267 CE]

भोजपुरी के जनम सुरुए से 'आरा, छपरा आ बलिया' के त्रिपुण्ड से मानल जाला, जे में आरा अउरु छपरा तS बिहार में बा, बाकिर बलिया उत्तर प्रदेश में बा सुरुए से.

Bhojpuri ke Janam surue se ‘Aaraa, Chapraa, Balliaa’ caahe ‘Ara, Chapra, Ballia’ ke tripunDa se maanal jaalaa, je me` Aaraa auru Chapraa ta Bihar me` baa, baakir Balliaa Uttar Pradesh me`.

Sins veri beginning, da Barth aof Bhojpuri Tuk ples in da Triangil aof ‘Aaraa, Chapraa aend Baliyaa’, aof whic Aaraa aend Chapraa aar in Bihaar, wheyar aez Balliyaa iz in UP.

एह तरह से, ई कहल कि “भोजपुरी एगो बिहारी भाषा ह” कहाँ ले सही बा, पाठक लोग अपने समझीं. आज भारत में भोजपुरी 7 - 8 प्रांतन में, आ भारत के सब बड़हन सीटियन में बोलल जाला थोड़ बहुत.

Eh tarah se ee kahal ki Bhojpuri ego ‘Bihari bhaasaa’ ha, kahaa` tak sahi baa, paaThak log apane samhjee`. Aaj Bhaarat me` Bhojpuri 7- 8 Praantan me` aa Bhaarat ke sab baRhan siTian me` bolal jaalaa.

In viu aof da ebav, haau faar iT iz Tru Tu se daeT “Bhojpuri iz a Bihaari Laenguej”, leT da reeDars DisaaiD demselvs. TuDe Bhojpuri iz spoken in 7-8 Provinses aof India aend liTTl biT in most SiTeez aof Indiaa.

हमरा समझ से 'भोजपुरी भाषा' जनम एके साथ आरा-छपरा से जे बिहार में सुरुए से बा, आ बलिआ से जे उत्तर प्रदेश में` सुरुए से बा, अउरु भोजपुर (राजा भोज के राजधानी भोपाल के नजदीक) जे सुरुए से मध्यभारत (आज के मध्यप्रदेश) में बा, से भइल बा.

Hamaraa samajh se ‘Bhojpuri Bhaasaa’ ke janam eke saath Aaraa-Chapraa se je Bihaar me` surue se baa, aa Balliaa se je Uttar Pradesh me` baa, auru Bhojpur (Bhopaal ke najdeek) je surue se Madhya Bhaarat (aaj ke Madhya Pradesh) me` baa, se bhail baa.

In maai opinian raaT fraom veri beginning, “Bhojpuri Laenguej” DeveaopD in Aaraa-Chapraa of Bihaar aend Baliyaa aof Uttar Pradesh, aend Bhojpur (da KaepiTal aof king Bhoj) in ‘Madhya Bhaarat’ (TuDe’z Madhya Pradesh).

. एही से: संस्कृत, भोजपुरी, हिंदी: भारत के कवनो क्षेत्रीय भाषा ना हवन स, जइसे आसाम में असमी, तमिल नाडु में तमिल, महाराष्ट्र में मराठी, गुजरात में गुजराती, ओडिसा में`उड़िया, पंजाब में पंजाबी, बंगाल में बंगाली आदि.

Ehi se: Sanskrit, Bhojpuri, Hindi: Bhaarat ke kawano Xetreey Bhaashaa naa hawan sa, jaise Aassaam me Asami, ‘Tamil NaaDu’ me` Tamil, MahaaraasTra me` MaraaThi, Gujraat me` Gujraati, ORishaa me` Odiaa, Panjaab me` Panjaabi aadi

da Sanskrit, Bhojpuri, Hindi: aar naoT rejinal laenguejez aof Indiaa, sac aez Aassaami in Aassaam, tamil in tamil NaaDu, MaraaThi in MahaaraasTra, Gujraati in Gujraat, Oriaa in Orissaa, Panjaabi in Panjaab, Bangaali in Bangaal aend so aon.

एह तीनो में संस्कृत तs हजारो, लाखो, बरिश पुरान हs, फेरु भोजपुरी के जनम सृ. 7400 में भइल जे 300 CE भइल. एह से भोजपुरी करीब 1700 बरिश के भइल.

Eh teeno me` Sanskrit ta Hajaaro, Laakho` Baris puraan ha, fer Bhojpuri ke janam Sri: 7400 me` bhail je 300 CE bhail; eh se Bhojpuri karib 1700 Baris ke bhail.

AauT aof da three, Sanskrit iz thaauzenDs, Millions yiars olD, then Bhojpuri DevelaopD in Sri: 7400, i.e. 300 CE; das Bhojpuri iz ebaauT 1700 yiar olD.

KhaRi Boli आ 'आधुनिक हिन्दी', ‘Aadhunik Hindi’ ke utpatti log Bhaaratendu Harishcandra [9.9.1850 – 6.1.1885 CE] ke Candravardaai se maanelan, jekaraa pahile ee Awadhi-Bhojpuri- BundelkhanDi aadi ke kawano milal julal roop rahe jekaraa ke Hindi naa kahal jaa sakelaa. Eh se Hindi karib 150 Baris ke bhail umar ke hisaab se:

खड़ी बोली आ 'आधुनिक हिन्दी, के उत्पत्ति लोग भारतेन्दु हरिश्चंद्र सृ. 8950 - 8985 [9.9.1850 – 6.1.1885 CE] के चन्द्रवरदाई से मानेलन, जेकरा पहिले ई अवधी -भोजपुरी -बुंदेलखंडी आदि के कवनो मिलल जुलल रूप रहे जेकरा के हिंदी ना कहल जा सकेला.

एह से हिन्दी करीब 150 बरीसन के भइल उमर के हिसाब से आज सृ 9120 में.

भारत के 3 भाषा के काल चक्र:

Bharat ke 3 Bhaasaa ke Kaal-Cakra:

[Time – Line of 3 Indian Languages]:

संस्कृत > लाखों बरिस पुरान Sanskrit Lakho Baris puraan.

Sanskrit: million yiar olD. [Sanskrit: mllions year old]

भोजपुरी > 1700 बरिस के Bhojpuri 1700 Baris puraan.

Bhojpuri 1700 yiar olD. [Bhojpuri 1.7 K year old]

आधुनिक हिन्दी > 150 बारिस के Adhunik Hindi 150 Baris ke.

Hindi iz miyarli 150 yiar olD.

2.2 राजा भोज के काल में भोजपुरी भाषा Raajaa Bhoje ke kaal me` Bhojpuri Bhaasaa ke Pasraaw

राजा भोज के राज में, जे पूरा उत्तर भारत में थोर बहुत सगरो, भोजपुरी बोलल जात रहे, खास क के आसाम, बिहार, उत्तर प्रदेश, झारखण्ड , छत्तीसगढ़ आ मध्य प्रदेश / मध्य भारत जेकर राजधानी नागपुर रहे ओह घरी, ओहु में बोलल जात रहे भोजपुरीए.

राजा भोज के राज में, जे पूरा उत्तरी भारत में` फैलल रहे: आसाम से गांधार ले, ओह में थोर बहुत सगरो भोजपुरी बोलल जात रहे, ख़ास क के आसाम, बिहार, उत्तर प्रदेश, झाड़खंड, छत्तीस गढ़,अउरु मध्य प्रदेश में.

एही से आजो तब के मध्यभारत, राजधानी नागपुर रहे, ओकरा में बोलेवाला 'भोजपुरी' छत्तीस गढ़ के जिला सरगुजा (अम्बिकापुर) में; छत्तीसगढ़ी (४५% भोजपुरिए जइसन), मध्यप्रदेश के बुंदेलखंडी (करीब ७५% भोजपुरिए जइसन, जे त भोजपुरिए नु भइल, खाली नाव छोडके, आगे एकर एगो कथा देखीं) के आजो बोलल जाला।

Raajaa Bhoj ke raaj me`, je pooraa Uttari Bhaarat me` failal rahe: Assaam se Gaandhaar tak, oh me` thoR bahut sagaro Bhojpuri bolal jaat rahe, khaas ka ke Aasaam, Bihaar, Uttar Pradesh, JhaaRkahanD, ChattisgaD*a aur Madhya Pradesh me`. Ehi se aajo tab ke Madhya Bhaarat jekar raajdhaani Naagpur rahe, okaraa me` bole waalaa 'Bhojpuri ChattisgaD*a ke Jilla Sargujaa (Ambikaapur) me`, ChattisgaD*i ( karib 45 % Bhojpurie jaisan) auru Madhya Pradesh ke Baghelkhandi ( 75 % Bhojpuri, je asal me` Bhojpurie bhail, khaali naav choR ke; dekhi` aage ekar ego kathaa) ke aajo bolal jaa laa.

ऊपर जे लिखल बा ओह से पता चलता कि भोजपुरी भाषा के जनम "आरा, छपरा आ बलिआ" राजा भोज के समय सृ. 7400 [300 CE ] में भइल, जे तब के बिहार, उत्तर प्रदेश, मध्य भारत में फैलल रहे..

Uupar je likhal baa, oh se saaf pataa calataa ki Bhojpuri Bhaasaa ke janam “Ara, Chapra, Ballia” me` Raajaa Bhoj ke samay (Sri: 7400), [300 AD] me` bhail, je Bihar, Uttar Pradesh aur Madhya Pradesh’ me` failal rahe.

भोजपुरी काल Bhojpuri Kaal: [Timeline: Bhojpuri]:

भोजपुरी के जनम राजा भोज के काल में भइल सृ. 7400 में. Bhojpuri ke janam Bhoj Raajaa ke kaal me` bhail, Sri: 7400 me`.

[Bhojpuri was born during the period of King Bhoj in 300 AD.]

(Auru dekhee`: AntarraasTreey Bhojpuri eSkool, InBho, of Sri: 25.11.9113 www.bhojpurialog.blogspot.in pa.)

*1. गुरु गोरखनाथ सृ. 8200 [1100 CE ] में 'गोरख-बानी' लिखले रहन भोजपुरिए में` (देखी BHAI ...

]Guru Gorakh Naath Sri: 8200. [1100 CE] me` ‘Gorakh Baani’ likhale rahan Bhojpuri me` (dekhi` BHAI)=======

[Guru Gorakh Nath wrote ‘Gorakh Baani’ in Bhojpuri in 1100 CE (Goto BHAI) =========]

Ø ई शायद भोजपुरी के सब से पूरान कितबिया ह Ee saaid Bhojpuri ke sab se puraan kitaab ha. dis iz paossibli da olDesT book in Bhojpuri. [This is possibly the oldest book in Bhojpuri.]

**2 संत कबीर दास के जनम दिन सृ 8397 के "भोजपुरी दिन'" मनावल जाला.

Sant Kabeer Daas ke janam din Sri: 8397 ke ‘Bhojpuri Din’ manaawal jaalaa (dekhi` BHAI).

[Saint Kavir Das was born in 1297 CE, which is celebrated as ‘Bhojpuri Day’ Goto BHAI =======]

भोजपुरी के पसराव Bhojpuri ke Pasaraaw:

स्प्रेडिंग भोजपुरी SpreDing Bhojpuri [Spreading Bhojpuri]:

एह से इहो पता चलता कि भोजपुरी खाली एगो बिहारी भाषा ना ह, बाकिर एकर जनम ख़ास क के "आरा -छपरा - बल्लिया जिला के त्रिपुण्ड" कहीं, चाहे "बिहार - उत्तर प्रदेश - मध्यप्रदेश के त्रिपुण्ड" (जे आज "भारत - फिजी - गुयना देशन के त्रिपुण्ड" में पसरल बा) से भइल बा.

दूसर ओर जदि गावंन के बात कइल जाव त, भोजपुरी भाषा के जनम "ज्ञानपुर (जिला भोजपुर, बिहार, जवना गांव में महात्मा गांधी 2017 में भारत के स्वतन्त्रता के लड़ाई सुरु करे खातिर अइलन ) - रिबिर गंज (छपरा जिला, बिहार) आ सिताबदियरा (जिला बलिया, उप्र,) के त्रिपुण्ड" से भइल बा.

बाकिर, बाकिर।, बाकिर ..... ई बाकिर बडहन बा.

Eh se iho pataa calataa ki Bhojpuri khaali ego Bihaari bhaasa naa ha, baakir ekar Janam khaas ka ke “Ara, Chapra, Ballia” jilla ke tripunD kahi`, caahe tab ke ‘Bihar, UP, MP’ praantan ke tripunD se bhail baa; dosar o~r jadi gaa`v ke baat kail jaav ta,: Bhojpuri ke janam ‘Gyanpuram: Knowledge Park (Jilla Bhojpur, Bihar), Ribir ganj (Chapara Jilaa, Bihar) aa Sitaabdiaraa (Jilla Ballia, UP) se bhail baa.

Baakir, Baakir, Baaki…… ee Baakir BaRahan baa.

[It is also clear from this that Bhojpuri is not only a Bihari Language, but it is born from the Center of the Triangle of then Provinces “Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Madhya Bharat” or of the Centre of Districts “Ara, Chapra, Ballia”. On the other hand when we go to the village level, Bhojpuri was born in the Village ‘Gyanpuram: Knowledge Park (District: Bhojpur, Bihar from where Mahatma Gandhi came in 1917 CE to Acharya pt Ambika Datta Sharma to start the struggle for the independence of India), Ribir Ganj (Dt. Chapra, Bihar) and in Sitabdiara (Dt. Ballia, UP).

But, But, But …….But this But is a Big One.]

Bho पसराओ Pasraaw: SpreDing bho [Spreading bho]:

आज हमार भोजपुरी गाव से निकल के जिला तक, जिला से निकल के प्रांतन तक, आ प्रांतन से निकल के अनेक शहरन आ सीटोंअन तक; आ फेरु बीसो डेशन तक जे 5 महादेशन में पसर के घर बना लेले बा, आपन तरह तरह के उपभाशI के रूप में.

Aaj hamaar Bhojpui gaa`v se nikal ke jilla tak, jilla se nikal ke Praantan tak, Praantan se nikal ke Shahar aa SiTi tak, fer Ee`haa` se beeso desan tak je paa`c Mahaadesan me` ghar banaa le le baa; aapan tarah tarah ke Dialect ke roop me`.

[Today our Bhojpuri, starting from a village, has spread to districts, then from districts to Provinces, from Provinces it has spread into over 20 countries of 5 Continents in the form of different dialects.]

भोजपुरी बोले वाला लोगन के संख्या: [Number of Speakers of Bhojpuri Language]:

भोजपुरी बोले वाला लोगन के संख्या आज 22 करोड़ से ऊपर होगइल बा संसार में`, जे में` करीब 9.5 मिलियन भारत से बहरी के लोग बाड़न.

Bhojpuri ke bole waalaa logan ke sa`khyaa aaj 20 se 25 karoR ho gail baa Sansaar me`.

da nambar aof speekars aof Bhojpuri is ovar 220 M WW, aauT aof whic ebaauT 10 M Bhojpuriaaz aar speD in 30 – 35 kantreez.

[The number of speakers of Bhojpuri is over 220 M WW, out of which about 10 M persons live in 30-35 countries of the world.]

भारत में आज 7 - 8 प्रान्तन में भोजपुरी बोले वाला लोग बाड़न, जइसे आसाम, बिहार, उत्तर प्रदेश, झारखण्ड, छत्तीसगढ़, मध्य प्रदेश, दिल्ली, पछिम बंगाल.

Bhaarat ke 7 - 8 Prantan me` Bhojpuri bolewaalaa log baaRan.

deyar aar 7-8 provinses in Indiaa wheyar Bhojpuri iz spoken laaik: Assaam, Bihaar, Uttar Pradesh, JhaaRkhand, Chattisgarh, MP, Dilli, Pascim Bangaal.

[There are 7-8 Provinces in India where Bhojpuri is spoken like: Assam, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, JhaaRkhanD, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Delhi, WB.]

3. भोजपुरी भाषा के उपभाषा 11 गो. da DaayalekTs aof Bhojpuri Laenguej: 11 nambars [The Dialects of Bhojpuri: 11 numbers]:

3.1 भोजपुरी आज एगो ग्लोबल भाषा ह, je samoocaa Sansaar me` pasaral baa, एही से एकर 11 गो उपभाषा बाड़न स.

Bhojpuri aaj ego Global Bhaasaa ha, ehee se ekar 11 go Up-bhaasaa baaRan sa.

Bhojpuri iz aen InTarnesanal Laenguej spreD in da who~l aof WarlD, daeT’s whaai it haez 11 DaayalekTs. [Bhojpuri is an International Language spread throughout the World, that’s why it has 11 Dialects]

3.2 एह से भोजपुरी भाषा के व्याकरण के जब हमनी के बात करतानी जा, त पहिले ई जाने के होई कि कवना उपभाषा के बात होता, एही से पहिले हम भोजपुरी के सब उपभाषा के नाव नीचे लिखतांनी

Eh se Bhojpuri Bhaasaa ke Vyaakaran (Grammar) ke jab hamni ke baat karataani jaa, ta~ pahile ee jaane ke hoi ki kawanaa Up-bhaasaa ke Vyaakaran ke baat hotaa. Ehi se pahile ham Bhojpuri ke sab Up-bhaasaa ke naav neece likhataani.

daeT iz whaai when wi Taak ebaauT “Bojpuri Graammar”, wi mast spesifaai whic

DiyalekT aof Bhojpuri wi aar taaking ebaauT.

[That is why when we talk about ‘Bhojpuri Grammar’, we must specify which Dialect of Bhojpuri we are talking about

3.3 भोजपुरी के लिपी SkripT aof Bhojpuri [Script of Bhojpuri]:

एगो बात लिपिओ के बा. ग्लोबल भोजपुरी में इहां जवना लिपि के प्रयोग कइल जाता, ओकरा के लिखे आ पढ़े खातिर "मित्र गोबल भोजपुरी दैनिक" के पाठ-1 से पाठ-5 तक www.plus.google.com प पढ़े के चाहीं (बाकिर ई स्थान त बन्दे क देलस गूगल (baakir ee sthaan ta~ bande ka delas Google).

एगो बात लिपिओ के बा, ग्लोबल भोजपुरी भाषा में इहां जवना लिपि के प्रयोग कइल जाता, ओकरा लीखे आ पढ़े खातिर "मित्रं ग्लोबल भोजपुरी ईदैनिक" के पाठ -1 से 5 तक के पढ़े के चाहीं

Ego baat Lipio ke baa. Global Bhojpuri me` eehaa` javanaa Lipi (Script) ke prayog kail jaataa, okaraa likhe aa paD*e khaatir "Mitram global Bhojpuri eDainik" ke PaaTh-1 se 5 tak www.plus.google.com pa pad*e ke caahi`.

Wi masT Taak hiyar ebaauT da SkripT aof ‘Bhojpuri Laenguej’ aez well. Naau da SkripT aof Bhojpuri iz ‘devanaagari’ which iz daeT aof Sanskrit, MaraaThi, Nepaali, … aolso.

Arliyar Bhojpuri waaz riTTen in ‘Kaithi’ aend sam adar skripts, which iz naau hisTorikal.

"Mitram global Bhojpuri eDainik" yuzes ‘Devanagari’ aend ‘Roman’ skripTs, da laeTTar iz naau da mosT popular SkripT globalli.

Tu yuz ‘Roman SkripT’ faor raaiTing ‘Bhojpuri Laenguej’ aend reeDing baek da se~m kareekTli goTu "Mitram global Bhojpuri eDainik" Lesson-1 to 5.

[We must talk here about the Script of Bhojpuri as well. The Script of Bhojpuri now, is 'Devanagari' which is that of Sanskrit, Marathi, Nepali also.

Earlier Bhojpuri was written in Kaithi and some other scripts which is now historical.

"Mitram global Bhojpuri eDainik" uses ‘Devanagari’ and ‘Roman’ Scripts; the latter is now one of the most popular scripts globally.

To use 'Roman Script' for writing 'Bhojpuri Language' and reading back the same correctly: go to "Mitram global Bhojpuri eDainik" Lesson-1 to 5 at www.plus.google.com posts of 2013-13.]

3.4. भोजपुरी के 11 उपभाषा नीचे लिखल जाता: Bhojpuri Bhaasaa ke 11 Upbhaashaa neece likhal baa:

11 DaayalekTs aof Bhojpuri aar sho~n bilo: [Eleven Dialects of Bhojpuri Language are shown below]:

भोजपुरी के 11 उपभाषा Bhojpuri ke Upbhaasaa:

da DaayalekTs aof Bhojpuri Languej: [Dialects of Bhojpuri Language]:

3.4.1 दक्षिणी मानक भोजपुरी, Daxini Maanak Bhojpuri,

Sadarn STaenDarD Bhojpuri [Southern Standard Bhojpuri]:

भोजपुर, रोहतास, कैमूर, बक्सर, (चारो जिला आरा-छपरा-बलिआ त्रिपुण्ड में),

सारण, सीवान, गोपालगंज, (तीनो जिला, आरा-छपरा-बलिआ त्रिपुण्ड में) सब बिहार आ उत्तर प्रदेश में,

पूरबी गाजीपुर उत्तर प्रदेश में,

पलामू आ रांची झारखंड में, आ

सरगुजा जिला (अम्बिकापुर) छत्तीसगढ में.

[Bhojpur, Rohtaas, Kaimur, Baxar (all 4 districts in Ara , Chapra, Ballia Triangle me`), Saaran, Siwaan, Gopaal Ganj (all 3 districts in Ara, Chapra, Ballia Triangle me`) in Bihaar, and Balliaa of UP (of Ara, Chapra, Ballia Triangle), and

Eastern Ghaazipur in Uttar Pradesh,

Palaamu, Raanchi in JhaarkhanD,

Sargujaa (Ambikaapur) in ChattisgarD*a.]

>>> एही उपभाषा के "अंतर्राष्ट्रीय भोजपुरी इस्कूल" में प्रयोग होला

Ehee Upabhaasaa ke "AntarraasTreey Bhojpuri eSkool" me` prayog holaa.

> एह में 'बा' आ 'ना'के खूब प्रयोग होला [बा = is, aar , ना = no, not]

Eh me` 'baa' aa 'naa' ke khoob bolal jaalaa. [baa = is, are; naa = no, not are used friquently]

>> प्रत्यय ‘–वा’ आ ‘-इया’ के खूब प्रयोग होला कवनो संज्ञा के बाद, ओह प जोर देबे खातिर.

Pratyay –waa aa –iyaa ke khoob prayog holaa sangyaa ke baad, oh pa jo~r debe khaatir.

[Endings: ‘-waa’ and ‘-iyaa’ after a noun are used frequently for stressing on the noun.]

3.4.2 उत्तरी मानक भोजपुरी Uttari Maanak Bhojpuri

Nadarn STaenDarD Bhojpuri [Northern Standard Bhojpuri]:

देओरीया, गोरखपुर, आ बस्ती: उत्तर प्रदेश में, पूरबी चम्पारण आ पच्छिमी चम्पारण बिहार में

Deoriaa, Gorakhpur, aa Basti: UP me`, Purabi Campaaran aa Pacchimi Campaaran Bihaar me`. [Deorea, Gorakhpur, and Basti in Uttar Pradesh, Champaran East and West in Bihar.]

>> एह में 'बा' के बदले 'बाटे' [ = is, aar] आ 'ना' के बदले 'ने' [no, not ] खूब बोलल जाला.

Eh me` ‘baa’ ke badale 'baaTe' [for 'is', ‘are’] aa ‘naa’ ke badale 'ne' [for 'no'] ke khoob bolal jaalaa.

3.4.3 पच्छिमी मानक भोजपुरी, Pascimi Maanak Bhojpuri,

WesTarn STaenDarD Bhojpuri [Western Standard Bhojpuri]:

वाराणसी, आजमगढ़, मिर्जापुर, गाज़ीपुर, उत्तर प्रदेश में`.

Vaaraanasi, AazamgaD*a, Mirzaapur, Ghaazipur Uttar Pradesh me`.

[Varanasi, Azamgarh, Mirzapur, Ghazipur in Uttar Pradesh.]

Pascimi Maanak Bhojpuri, [Western Standard Bhojpuri]:

Vaaraanasi, AazamgaD*a, Mirzaapur, Ghaazipur Uttar Pradesh me`.

[Varanasi, Azamgarh, Mirzapur, Ghazipur in Uttar Pradesh.]

3.4.4 नागपुरिया Naagpuriyaa: Naagpuriaa[Nagpuria]:

छोटा नागपुर के पलामू जिल्ला जे अब झाड़खंड प्रांत में बा, औरु छत्तीसगढ प्रान्त के सरगुजा (अम्बिकापुर) जिला में बोलल जाला;

(बघेलखंडी के रूप में ई मध्यप्रदेश में बोलल जाला, बाकिर ई लोग एकरा के भोजपुरी ना मानस, एह से एकरा के इहाँ भोजपुरी में नइखे लेल गइल).

Chotaanaagpur ke Palaamu Jilla je ab JhaarkhanD Praant me` baa, aur ChattisgaD*a ke Sargujaa (Ambikaapur) Jilla me` ekaraa ke bolal jaalaa.

(BaghelkhanDi ke roop me` ee Madhya pradesh me` bolal jaalaa, baakir ee log ekaraa ke Bhojpuri naa maane, eh se ekaraa ke eehaa` Bhojpuri me na lel gail baa.)

[In Palaamu Dt. of ChhoTaa Naagpur which is now in JhaaRkhand, and Sargujaa dt (Ambikapur) of Chhattisgarh Prant Bhojpuri is spoken.

(Baghelakhandi is spoken in Madhya Pradesh which is 75% like Bhojpuri, but the people do not call it Bhojpuri, so it is not included in Bhojpuri).

3.4..5 नेपाल में भोजपुरी के 4 रूप, उपभाषा बा: थारू भोजपुरी, मधेसी, डोमरा, मुसहरी Nepaal me` Bhojpuri ke 4 roop, Upbhaazaa baa: Thaaru Bhojpuri, Madhesi, Domraa, Musahri

[4 dialects of Bhojpuri in Nepal: Thaaru Bhojpuri, Madhesi, Domraa, Musahri]

3.4.6. मॉरीसस में मौरिसिअन भोजपुरी Maurisas me` Maurisian Bhojpuri, ‘Maurisian Bhojpuri’ in Maurisas [Mauritian in Mauritius]:

3.4.7 फिजी में 'फिजियन भोजपुरी' Fiji me` Fijian Bhojpuri

In Fiji ‘Fijian Bhojpuri’ [in Fiji 'Fijian Bhojpuri']

3.4..8 'कैरिबियन भोजपुरी' गुयाना में 'Kaireebian

Bhojpuri' Guyanaa me`, Kairibiyan Hindustaani in Guyanaa [Caribbean Hindustani in Guyana]

3.4..9 सूरीनाम में: सूरीनामे Surinaam me`: Surname

In Surinaam: Surinaame [in Surinam: Surname]:

3.4.10 'कैरिबियन त्रिनिदाढ़ी भोजपुरी' त्रिनिदाद आ टुबैगो में

'Kaireebbian Trinidaadi Bhojpuri' Trinidaad aa Tobago me`

In Trinidaad & Tubaego ‘Kaireebian Trinidaadi Bhojpuri’ [in Trinidad & Tobago: Caribbean Trinidadi Bhojpuri]:

3.4.11 "अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ग्लोबल भोजपुरी", के रूप में संसार में, सीटी सब में जवन भोजपुरी होला, जे में दूसर लोकल भाषा के सब्द आ कहाउतो मिलल रहेला, जइसन इहाँ लिखल बा.

‘AntarrazTreey Global Bhojpuri’ InBho

InBho ke poore Sansaar me`, SiTi sab me` jawan Bhojpuri holaa, je me` dosar lokal bhasaa ke sabd aa kahaauto milal rahelaa, jaisan eehaa` likhal baa.

‘InTarnesanal global Bhojpuri’ InBho iz yuzD aol ovar da WarlD aend in meni MeTroz WW riTTen in Roman aor Devanaagari SkripT yuzing meni lokal warDs aend frezes.

['International global Bhojpuri' InBho is used all over the World and in many Metros WW written in Roman or Devanagari script using many local words and phrases.]

4. "अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ग्लोबल भोजपुरी भाषा" के लिपि ह:- 'देवनागरी' आ 'रोमन' जे में संस्कृतों लिखल जाला.

AntarraasTreeya Global Bhojpuri ke Lipi: 'Devanaagari' aa 'Roman' (je se Sanskrito likhaa sakelaa). da SkripT aof “InTarnesanal Global Bhojpuri Laenguej”, InBho iz: ‘Devanaagari’ aend ‘Roman’.

[The Scripts of “International Global Bhojpuri

Language”, InBho is: 'Devanagari' and 'Roman' (for writing Sanskrit also)]

संस्कृत, भोजपुरी, मराठी, कन्नड़, बंगला, ओड़िया, नेपाली आदि भाषा के पहिला अक्षर ह:-

जेकर गलत बाकिर चालू रूप ह:- ॐ आ 0o...m

Sanskrit, Bhojpuri, Maraathi, Kannad, Banglaa, Odiyaa, Nepaali, aadi bhaasaa ke pahila axar ha~:

da distorted forms aar: ॐ 00o…m…

[0o…m or 0m as shown above is the first letter of all the Indian languages like Sanskrit, Bhojpuri, Kanad, Hindi, Bengali etc. and of Nepali also.]

*** देवनागरी में 'अक्षर' माने 'जेकर क्षर ना होखे' यानी ' ईश्वर' होला, खाली 'वर्ण = लेटर' ना.

Devanaagari me` ‘Axar’ holaa, jekar ‘Xar’ naa hokhe, je se uu ‘Eeshwar’ ke roop holaa khaali kavano ‘varna’ naa.

In ‘devanaagari’ dyar aar ‘Akshar’ whic meens imperishebls => Eeshwar aor GoD.

In ‘Devanagari’ there are ‘Axar’ which are imperishable => Ishwar or God, not simply ‘letters’.

4.1 अंतर्राष्ट्रीय ग्लोबल भोजपुरी के लिपी AntarraasTreeya Global Bhojpuri ke Lipi.

4.1.1 भोजपुरी के स्वर Bhojpuri ke Swar: Vovels aof Bhojpuri [Vowels of Bhojpuri]:

देवनागरी रोमन उच्चारण

Devanaagari Roman Pronounciation

अ 'a' => ‘a’ is pronounced as ‘u’ in but, fun, run,

*N2

आ ‘aa’ => ‘aa’ is pronounced as ‘a’ in bar, far, car

इ ‘i’ => ‘i’ is pronounced as 'i' in pin, tin, swim, him

ई ‘ee’, => ‘ee’ is pronounced as 'ee' in sleep, meet, sweet, or ‘ea’ in speak, eat, sea.

उ ‘u’ => ‘u’ is pronounced as 'u' in put, push, pull

ऊ ‘oo’, ‘uu’ => ‘oo’, ‘uu’ as ‘oo’ in boot, loot, foot.

ए ‘e’ => ‘e’ in pen, hen, ten

ऐ ‘ae’ => ‘a’ in fan, man, can

ओ ‘o’ => ‘o’ in hole, phone, cone

ए ऐ ओ औ अं अः

[e ae /ai o au an : / ah]

औ ‘au’ => ‘a’ in ball, call, hall

अं ‘an’ or ` after letter. => ‘ung’ in sung, hung

अः a: pronounced as ‘ah’

':' after a letter => ':' is pronounced 'ah' or ‘u’ in bun followed by long sound of h exhalation of air.

Candra bindu as `after a letter => a very soft nasal sound.

~ after a letter => a long sound of the letter called Ploot in Sanskrit.

4.1.2. भोजपुरी के व्यंजन Bhojpuri ke Vyanjan:

KonsonanTs of Bhojpuri: [Consonents of Bhojpuri]:

(1) कवर्ग Kavarga ka-grup K- group:

क ‘ka’ => ‘k’ is pronounced as ‘c’ in car, cat, cup or 'k' in kite.

ख ‘kha’ => ‘kh’ is pronounced as ‘k’ followed by long exhalation sound.

ग ‘ga’ => ‘g’ is pronounced as ‘g’ in gun, mug, god, goose.

ध ‘gha’ => ‘gh’ is pronounced as ‘gh’ in ghost,

ङ ‘ng’ => ‘ng’ is pronounced as ‘ung’ in sung, sung.

चवर्ग Cavarga C-grup Ch-group:

च ‘ca’ => ‘c’ is pronounced as ‘ch’ in chain, chop.

छ ‘cha’ => ‘ch’ is pronounced as in ‘ch’ followed by long exhalation sound.

ज ‘ja’ => ‘j’ is pronounced as ‘j’ in jug, jam, January.

झ ‘Jha’ => ‘jh’ is pronounced as ‘zh’ followed by long exhalation sound.

ञ ‘i`’ => ‘i`’ as in pin + a soft nasal sound as by ‘`’.
टवर्ग Tavarg T-grup T-group:

ट ‘Ta’ => ‘T’ is pronounced as ‘t’ in but, pat, tap,         ten.

ठ ‘Tha’ => ‘Th’ is pronounced as hard ‘t’ in ‘ten’ followed by long exhalation sound,                                  or.as in Hindi ‘Thos’ meaning solid.

ड ‘Da’ => ‘D’ is pronounced as ‘d’ in dug, day, dog, dangerous

ढ ‘Dha’ => ‘Dh’ is pronounced as ‘D’ followed by long exhalation sound as in Hindi           words ‘Dhol” = drum, in 'Dhakanaa' = Earthen cover for pitcher.

ण ‘0Ia’, ‘Na’ => ’0I’, N is pronounced as ‘n’ in Brahmand in Sanskrit, meaning Universe, This is a very special letter which depicts ‘0’ a part of 0o...m

            or 'n' in AnD = man's testicle Sanskrit, Bhojpuri, Hindi, Marathi ...etc.

            *No equivalent letter is in Roman script. However, it can be pronounced as     ‘n’ with twisting the tongue, twisted upwards and nearly touching the top part of mouth cavity above the root of the tongue.

In Bhojpuri '0I' is often replaced as 'n'. भोजपुरी में ‘ण’ के बदले अनेक लोग ‘न’   लिखेलन.
तवर्ग t-varg t-grup, t-group:

त ‘ta’ => ‘t’ is pronounced as very soft ‘t’, better as “m of Russian”.

थ ‘tha’ => ‘th’ is pronounced as ‘th’ in thought, through

द ’da’ => ‘d’ is pronounced as ‘th’ in thus, the, there.

ध ‘dha’ => ‘dh’ is pronounced as ‘d’ in thus followed by a long exhalation sound. A typical Sanskrit, Bhojpuri letter ‘dhaan’= paddy, or ‘dhan’ = property. in fact no equivalent letter is in Roman Script.

न ‘na’ => ‘n’ is pronounced as ‘n’ in nun, run, fun, not.
पवर्ग P-grup P-group:

प ‘pa’ => ‘p’ is pronounced as ‘p’ in pen, pot, pat.

फ ‘fa’ => ‘f ’ is pronounced as ‘f ’ in fun, fat, ‘ph’ in telephone.

ब ‘ba’ => ‘b’ is pronounced as ‘b’ in but, bun, bat.



भ ‘bha’ => ‘bh’ is pronounced as ‘b+h’ as a composite letter, or as ‘b’ followed by long      exhalation sound. A typical Bhojpuri, Sanskrit letter used in Bhojpuri, Bharat,       Bhagawan ... .

म ‘ma’ => ‘m’ is pronounced as ‘m’ in man, motor, most.

दोसर Adars Others:

The following are special letters which are pronnounced differently in different languages:

य ‘ya’ => ‘y’ is pronounced as ‘y’ in yes, yet, yoke, 'u' in Universe.

र ‘r’ => ‘r’ is pronounced as ‘r’ in run, rub, rat,

ल ‘l’ => ‘l’ is pronounced as ‘l’ in land, lower, letter,



व ‘v’, ‘w’ => ‘v’. ‘w’ are pronounced as ‘w’ in water, wear, vase, vogue, sweet.

श ‘sh’ => ‘sh’ is pronounced as ‘sh’ in should, shape, not         normally used in Bhojpuri, in place 's' is used.

ष         ‘z’, ‘sh’ => ‘x’ is pronounounced as ‘x’ in “Xruschev” name of a Russian.

स ’s’ => ‘s’ is pronounced as ‘s’ in sun, son, sugar.

ह ‘h’ => ‘h’ is pronounced as ‘h’ in hut, hot, horse.

‘R’ => ‘R’ is pronounced as ड़ ‘R’ in popular Hindi word ‘laRka’ लड़का meaning                              ‘boy’, लड़ाई 'LaRaai' = fight. No Roman equivalent for this letter.

‘D*’ => ‘D*’ ढ़, is pronounced as ढ़ ‘D*’ in popular Bhojpuri and Hindi verbs like: पढ़ना,‘paD*na’= to read, पढ़ाई paD*aai = study, चढाई caD*aai = rising-up; no equivalent        Roman letter. ई

क्ष ‘xa’ or ‘ksh’, => ‘x’ is pronounced as ‘x’ in lux, flux.

त्र ‘tra’,

ज्ञ ‘gya’ or ‘jn’ => ‘gy’ is pronounced as ‘gy’ in popular Hindi word ज्ञान

                        ‘Gyaan’ = knowledge, ‘Vigyan’ = science. 'Vijnan' - Science.

‘.’ => पूर्ण विराम ‘poorna viraam’ => ‘.’ is used for ‘full stop’.

'~ ' after a letter => ~ is a long sound of the letter or Ploot sound as in Sanskrit. कवनो   असर के उच्चारण के लमहर करेला.

4.2 संस्कृत के लिपी ‘देवनागरी’: with Nearest ‘Roman’ equivalent:-

Prathamam Devanaagari Axara Gyaanam:

[Learning Devanagari Letters, firstly]:

4.2.1 संस्कृतभाषायाः प्रथम-अक्षरः (सरलीकृतसंस्कृते )

SanskritaBhaazaayaa: PrathamaAxara: (SaralikritSanskrite)

ॐ 0o...m

अनेन अन्यानि निम्नलिखिताक्षरानि सम्पादितानि:-

पण्डिताः कथितवन्तः 'अक्षरं' अविनाशी.

पंडित लोग कहीं कि ‘अक्षर’ अविनाशी होला, एही से 'अक्षर' त, ईश्वरे नु भइल.

चलल जाव 'अक्षर धाम'.

अतने ना, ॐ से सब अक्षर बनल बाड़ेस.

Anen anyaani nimnalikhitaAxaraani sampaaditam:

Pa0IDitaa: kathitawanta: ‘Axaram’ avinaashee.

अतएव आगम्यताम् अक्षरधामे Ataeva aagamyataam Axaradhaame.

[ An ‘Axara’ never perish. The 1st letter of Sanskrit, in Devanagari Script:

ॐ 0o...m

from which all other letters are formed as shown below:]

4.2.2 स्वराः Swaraa: 12 [Vowels 12 with nearest ‘Roman’ equivalence]

अ आ इ ई उ ऊ

[a aa i ee u uu /oo ]

ए ऐ ओ औ अं अः

[e ae /ai o au an : / ah]

ऋ लृ

[ru lru]

4.2.3. व्यञ्जनानि Vyanjanaa:- 33 [Consonants 33]:

क ख ग घ ङ > कवर्ग Ka varga [Ka group]

[Ka kha ga gha n` ]

सीधा कंठ से एह सब के आवाज निकलेला Spoken directly from vocal-cords.

च छ ज झ ञ > चवर्ग Ca varga [Cha group]

[ca Cha ja jha n``]

एकर उच्चारण 'तालु' से होला Tongue touches tip of mouth cavity above front teeth.

ट ठ ड ढ ण > टवर्ग Ta varga [Ta group]

[ Ta Tha Da Dha 0Ia ]

एकर उच्चारण 'मूर्धा ' से होला. Tip of the tongue touches top of mouth Cavity over its base.

त थ द ध न > तवर्ग ta varga [ta group]

[ ta tha da dha na ]

Toungue touches the junction of upper and lower teeth.

प फ ब भ म > पवर्ग pa varga [pa group]

[ pa fa ba bha ma ]

Lips are opened after being closed.

य र ल व श ष स ह > अन्य

[ ya ra la va / wa sha za sa ha]

4.2.4 वर्तनी Vartani [consonants + vowel symbols]: use of special symbols called 'matraa' for vowels when combined with Consonant(s) as shown below for the letter ‘क’:

क का कि की कु कू के कै कं कः

[Ka kaa ki kee ku koo ke kai k’ ka: ]

[k + a = Ka, k + aa = kaa, k + i = ki, k + ee =kee, k + u = ku, k + oo = koo, k + e = ke,

k + ai = kai / k + ae =kae, k + o = ko, k + au = Kau, k +an = ka`, k + ah = k:]

4.2.5. केचन संयुक्ताक्षरा: Kecan Sanyuktaaxaraa: [Some composite letters]:

क्ष श्री त्र ट्र क्र सं स् म् म

xa Shri tra Tra kra s` s m ma

ऊपर जे लिखल बा ओह तरह से आसानी से रोमन लिपि में भोजपुरी आ संस्कृतो लिखल जाला आ पढ़ के सही सही बोललो जाला.

Uupar je likhal baa oh tarah se aasaani se Roman Lipi me` Bhojpuri aa Sanskrito likhaalaa aa paD*a ke sahi sahi bolalo jaalaa.

e.g. राम = Raam, Dashrath Putra > auru kuchuo naa.

[Raam = Son of Dashrath > nothing else.]

[Considering the above, Bhojpuri language can be very easily written in ‘Roman Script’ and after reading the same pronounced back correctly, without using any avoidable ‘transliteration’.

However when the son of Dashrath is written as 'Ram' as normally done in English, which may be read back as >

'Raam' राम , 'Rama' रम, 'Ramaa' रमा , 'Raama' राम , 'Raamaa' रामा , 'Ram' रैम, …

*Ram = male sheep, Ramaa = name of a girl or lady, not ‘Raam’.

**Raam = Raama: in Sanskrit is the son of King Dashrath. ***Rama or Raamaa = nothing,

>> what a confusion is created when 'Raam' राम in Bhojpuri or 'Raama:' रमा in Sanskrit is written as 'Ram' in English.

>>> This is merely 1 example, there can be G = Gega, why not ‘Gegaa’ examples.]

>> Recomendation:

English is not Pidgin, make English more perfect.

In English write ‘Raam’ for the son of King Dashrath as in Bhojpuri, not ‘Ram’ as normally written.

Likewise better start writing ‘proper nouns’ as in Bhojpuri or Sanskrit languages which are more perfect.

Better start using ‘Inglish’ in place of ‘irrational English’. One may go to www.21stsenturyenglish-Ingish.blogspot.com for knowing ‘Inglish’ using all the ’50 letters’ properly.

5. भोजपुरी व्याकरण Bhojpuri Vyaakaran: [Bhojpuri Grammar]:

5.1 भोजपुरी शब्दावली Mini Bhojpuri Sabdaavali [Mini Bhojpuri Dictionary]

संख्या के नाव Sankhyaa ke Naav: [Name of the Numbers]:

संख्या के नाव

0 = शून्य sonaa [zero]

1= राम Raam, ek: पहिला Pahilaa [one: First]

2 = दू du दूसर dosar [two Second]

3 = तीन teen तीसर teesar [three Third]

4 = चार caar चौथ cauth [four Fourth]

5 = पाँच paa`c पंचम paa`cam [five Fifth]

6 = छव chaw छठ chaTh [six Sixth]

7 = सात saat सातम saatam` [seven Seventh]

8 = आठ aaTh आठम aaTham [eight Eighth]

9 = नव naw नवम nawam [nine Ninth]

10 = दस das दसम dasam [ten Tenth]

11 = एगगारह egaarah एगगराहम egaraham [eleven Eleventh]

12 = बारह baarah बारहम baaraham` [twelve Twelfth]

13 = तेरह terah तेरहम teraham [thirteen Thirteenth]

14 = चौदह caudah चौदहम caudasam [fourteen Fourteenth]

15 = पनरह pandrah पंराहम pandraham [fifteen Fifteenth]

16 = सोरह sorah सोरहम soraham [sixteen Sixteenth]

17 = सतरह satrah सतरहम satraham [seventeen,Seventeenth]

18 = अट्ठारह अठारहम aThaarah aThaaraham [eighteen Eighteenth]

19 = उनइस उनइसम unais unaisam [ninteen Ninteenth]

20 = बीस bees बीसम beesam [twenty Twentieth]

21= एकइस ekais एकइसम ekaisam [twenty one Twenty first]

22 = बाइस baais baaisam [twenty two Twenty second].

29 = उनतीस untees unteesam [twenty nine Twenty ninth]

30 = तीस tees तीसम teesam [thirty Thirtieth]

39 = उनचालीस uncaalis, uncaalisam [thirty nine Thirty ninth]

40 = चालीस caalis चालिसम caalisam [forty Fortieth]

49 = उनचास uncaas उनचासम uncaasam [forty nine Forty ninth]

50 = पचास pacas पचासम pacasam [fifty Fiftieth]

60 = साठ saaTh साथम saaTham [sisty Sitieth]

70 = सत्तर sattar सत्तरम sattaram [seventy Seventieth]

80 = अस्सी assi assiwam [eighty Eightieth]

90 = नब्बे nabbe nabbewam [ninety Nintieth]

100 = सौ saw सोअम sauwam [hundred Hundreth]

1000 = हजार hajaar, किलो Kilo K [thousand kilo]

1 00 000 = लाख laakh [100 thousand]

10 00 000 =10 लाख laakh, Mega M[million Mega]

1 00 00 000 = करोड़ karoR [10 million]

1 00 00 00 000 = अरब arab, Gega G [billion Gega]

1 00 00 00 00 000 = ख़रब kharab [10 billion]

1 00 00 00 00 00 000 = नील Neel, Tera, T [trillion, Tera]

10**15 पद्म Padma = 100 ट्रिलियन =100 T [100 trillion]

10**17 शंख Shankha = 10000 T [10 K T]

10**19 महाशंख Mahaasankh = MT [million-trillion]

सब दिनन के नाव Sab dinan ke Naav: [Name of Days]:

एतवार Etawaar, Ravivaar [Sunday]

सोमार Somaar [Monday]

मंगर Mangar, Ma`gar [Tuesday]

बुध Budh [Wednesday]

बियफे Biyafe [Thursday]

शुक Shuk [Friday]

सनीचर Saneecar [Saturday]

महीनन के नाव Mahinan ke Naav: [There are no 1:1 equivalance for months in English since Bhojpuri Sristyaabda, Sri: follows Lunar - Solar System instead of Solar]:

सृष्ट्याबद Sri: १ 9116 के महीना : [Months of 2016]:

1. चैत Cait [April] 2. बैशाख Baisaakh [May]

3. जेठ JeTh [June] 4. आषाढ़ AasaaD*a [July]

5. सावन Saavan [August] 6. भादो Bhaado [September]

7. आसिन Aasin [October] 8. कातिक Kaatik [November]

9. अगहन Agahan [December] 10. पुष Pus [January]

11. माघ Maagh [February] 12. फागुन Faagun [March]

पशुअन के नाव

Pashuan ke Naav: [Name of Animals]:

गाय, गउ gaaya, gau = a cow, बैल bail = an ox, सांड़ Saa`D*a = a bull

बैल bhai`s = she bufalio, भैसा bhai`saa = he bufallo

घोड़ा ghoRaa = a horse, घोड़ी ghoRee = mare, गदहा gadahaa = an ass.

गदही gadahi = a female ass. बाघ baagh = a tigar, बाघिन baaghin = a tigress

सिंह Singh = a lion, सिंघनी Singhni = a loiness, बिलाई billi = a she cat,

बिलाड़ bilaaRa = a he cat बकरी bakari = a she goat, बकरा bakaraa = a he goat

कुकुरी kukuri = a beech. कुकुर kukur = a dog सिआरीं Siyaarin = a she jackle, सियार Siyaar = a he jackle हाथी haathi = an elephant, हथिनी hathini = a she elephant.

चिरइयन के नाव :

Ciraiyan ke Naav: [Name of Birds]:

मोर mo~r, मोरनी morni: > peacock, peahen

मुरुगा, मुरगी murgaa, murgi > cock, hen

कबूतर कबूतरी Kabootar, kabootari > pegeon

कउआ kauaa > crow

कोयल koyal > coocku

सुगा sugaa, तोता totaa > parrot

मैना मैनी mainaa, maini >

गीध geedh > vulture

चील्ह ceelha, > kite

बगुला bagulaa > crane

बाज baaj > eagle

गरुड़ GaruRa > a bird on which Lord Vishnu rides.

बत्तक battak > duck

हंस Hans > goose

Bhaava-vaacak Sangyaa: AebstraekT Naaun: [Abstract Noun]:

Naap-taol ke:

Lambaai: YuniT: m, cm, mm, maaikron, nano, piko, ...

Maas YuniT: kg kilograam

Samaya: YuniT: s SekanD, min. MinaT, GhanTaa, din, Mahinaa, Baris / Saal, Yug Eraa

Anya: Satya, Asatya, ardhasaty, aaraam, nee`d, bhojan, bhajan, keertan, stuti, poojaa, looT, baat-ceet, bhaavanaa, durbhaavanaa, buddhi, kubuddhi, shaanti, subuddhi, dharam, karam, raaj, sarkaar, bhaazaa, baajaa, aawaaj, bijali, garjan, baadal, raat, din, hawaa, paani, aabohawaa, aa`dhee, barasaa, banghaReRaa, coTi, nadi, naalaa, laRaai, dosti, bimaari, mahaamaari,

5.2 संज्ञा Sangyaa [Noun]

संज्ञा के रूप में बदलाव आवेला नीचे के चलते:

Sangyaa ke roop: me` Badlaaw aawelaa neece ke calate:

Changes in the form of a noun is caused due to the following reasons: [this is in old English, one should learn and use “21^sT Century English” => ‘Inglish. goto www.21stcenuryenglish-inglish.blogspot.com ]

Cenjez in da faorm aof a naaun iz kausD Diu Tu da faolowing reezans:

5.2.1 वचन: Bacan: 1 बचन bacan aa > वहुवचBन Bahubacan holaa. [Number: Singular and Plural]:

लइका, लईकी laikaa, laiki > लइका लोग laikaa log, laiki log [a boy, a girl > boys, girls, लईकी लोग

ईंटा ee`Taa > ईंटा सब ee`Taa sab [ a brick > bricks]

5.2.2 लिंग: स्त्रीलिंग, पुलिंग, नपुंसक लिंग Ling: Striling, Puling aa Napunsak Ling. [Gender: Masculine, familine, neuter]:

पुलिंग, Puling [Masculine] Shtriling [Faminine] Napunsak ling [Neuter]:

बोटू botoo [he goat:never killed] बकरी bakari [she goat] -

सांढ़ saa`D*a [bull, neber killed] गाय, गऊ gaaya, gau [cow] बैल bael [ox]

घोड़ा ghoRaa [horse] घोड़ी ghoRee [mare] खच्चड़ khaccaR [mole]

हाथी haathi [he elephant] हथिनी hathini [she elephant]

बाबुजी baabhuji[father] माई, मतवा maai [mother]

भाई bhaai [brother] बहीन bahin [sister]

आदमी aadmi [man] मेहरारू mehraaru [wife, woman]

पिता pitaa [father] माता, मतारी maataa [mother]

चाचा cacaa [uncle] चाची caaci [aunt]

फूफा fufaa फुआ fuaa [aunt]

पड़ोसी paRosi पड़ोसन paRosin [female-neighbor]

चिउटा ciu`Taa [ant] चिउटी ciu`Tee [small ant]

मुरुगा murugaa [cock] मुरुगी murugi [hen]

बाघ baagh [tiger] बाघिन baaghin [she tiger]

धोबी dhobi [washer-men] धोबिन dhobin [washer-woman]

शिक्षक shixak [teacher] शिक्षिका shixikaa [teacheress]

अध्यक्ष Adhyax [Chair Person, President]

अध्यक्षा Adhyaxaa [ChairParson President lady]

पंडित panDit [Master of a Subject] पंडिता PanDitaa, panDitaain [wife of a Pandit]

पुस्तक pustak [book] पुस्तिका pustikaa [note, copy book]

...

5.2.3 भोजपुरी के कारक Bhojpuri ke Kaarak: [Cases]:

भोजपुरी में 8 कारक होला जेकर नीचे लिखल चिन्ह दू कारकान के बीच लगावल जाला जे से उनकर आपसी सम्बन्ध पताचलेला. संस्कृत में कारक के 8 विभक्ति होलेस.

Sangyaa ke baad kaarak ke cinha aawelaa, je se ek dusar se sambandh aadi pataa calelaa. Sanskrit me` ee 'Bibhakti' 1,2,3, ... 8 holaa.

विभक्ति Bibhakti कारक Kaarak कारक के चिन्ह Kaarak ke cinha [Preposition]

1. करता Kartaa ... [...]

2. कर्मा Karm ..., के ke [..., to]

3. करण Karan ..., से, साथ, संगे se, saath [by, with]

4. सम्प्रदान Sampradaan खातिर khaatir, ke [for]

5. अपादान Aapaadaan से se [from]

6. सम्बन्ध Sambandha के ke [of]

7. अधिकरण Adhikaran में, पर, ऊपर , नीचे me`, par, upar, neece[in, at, over, under ...]

8. सम्बोधन Sambodhan अरे, हो , जी , एजी are, ho, ji, ... [hallo!]

ई सब चिन्ह 2 संज्ञा के बीच लगावल जाला उनकर सम्बन्ध देखावे खातिर.

Ee sab cinha 'sangyaa' ke baad aawelaa; eh sab ... ke calate, jaisan ki uupar dekhaawal baa.

5.1 प कुछ संज्ञा शब्द देल बा pa kuch 'Sangyaa' shabda del baa.

5.2.1 Bacan: 1 बचन Bacan [Singular] बहुबचन Bahubacan [Plural]

1 बचन Bacan [Singular] > बहुबचन Bahu Bacan: [Plural]:

आदमी Aadami: man > आदमी लोग Aadmi log: men

औरत Aurat: woman > औरत लोग aurat log : women

बेटी Beti: daughter > beti log: daughters

लइका Laika: boy > laika log: boys

लईकी Laiki: girls > laiki log: girls

बेटा BeTa: son > beTa log: sons

कार kaar: car > kar sab: cars

गाड़ी GaaRi: vehicle > gaaRi sab: vehicles

देश des: country > des sab: countries

जानवर Janaawar: animal > janaawar sab: animals

किताब Kitaab: book > kitaab sab: books

स्कूल Skool: school > skool sab: schools

शब्द Shabda: word > शब्द सब shabda sab: words

नियम Niyam: [Rule]:

1. शब्द के १-बचन से बहुबचन बनावे खातिर सजीव शब्द के बाद 'लोग' लगादीं आ निर्जीव शब्द के बाद 'सब'जोड़ दीं ‘Shabd’ ke 1=Bacan se bahubacan banaave khaatir: sajeev shabd ke baad ‘log’, aa bejaan shabd ke baad ‘sab’ joR del jaalaa. [To make Singular to Plural: 'log' is added after an animate, and 'sab' to inanimate words.]

2. शब्द के बाद 'कारक के चिन्ह होखला प', 'शब्द ' के बाद '-अन' जोड़ देल जाला जइसे:

Shabd ke baad ‘kaarak’ ke cinh hokhalaa pa ‘shabd’ ke baad ‘an’ joR del jaalaa jaise: [To make plural from singular word, ‘log’ is added after animates, and ‘sab’ is added after inanimate]:

1-बचन 1-bacan बहुबचन Bahubacan

शब्द के shabd ke > शब्दन के shabdan ke,

लइका के laikaa se > लइकन के laikan se

लइकी से laiki se > लइकन से laikian se

घर में ghar me` > घर सब में ghar sab me`

किताब खातिर kitaab khaatir > किताब सब खातिर kitaab sab khaatir

3. [In case a ‘case sign’ is used after the word, ‘an’ or ‘ian’ is added after the word] eg.

Shabd ke > Shabdan ke (pl), [= of a word > of words]

Bail se > Bailan se, [= by an ox > by oxen]

laika khaatir > laikan kkaatir. [= for a boy > for boys]

Laiki se > laikian se [= from a girl > from girls]

5.2.4 भोजपुरी के संज्ञा प जोर: Bhojpuri ke Sangya par Jor: [Method to Stress on a Noun]

जोर देबे के तरीका Jor deve ke tarika: [Emphasis on a noun:]

(1) जोर देबे खातिर, पुलिंग निर्जीव संज्ञा के बाद '-वा' जोडल जाला.

Jor deve khaatir, puling / nirjeev sangya ke baad me` ‘-waa’ joRal jaala.

[For giving stress on a noun: ‘-waa’ is added to it as aa ending after a masculine noun. Incase there is a case sign, '-we' is added inplace of '-waa']

जइसे Udaaharan: Example:

:घर ghar = a house > घरवा gharwaa, gharwe me`

[eg.:ghar = a house, gharwaa= a particular house, the house

gharwe me` = in a particular house, in the house itself.]

: लोटा loTaa = a water-pot > लोटवा lotawaa = a particular water-pot

: लड़का laRakaa = a boy > लडक़वा laRakwaa = the same boy]

: बाघ baagh = a tiger > बघवा baghawaa [ the same tigar.]

(2) स्त्रीलिंग / छोट चीज के बाद '-इया' जोड़ देल जाला Striling / ch~oT sabd ke baad jor debe khaatir sabd ke baad ‘iaa’ cahhe ‘–iyaa’ joRal jaala. [After a faminine / a small word ‘-iyaa’ is added for giving stress.]

जइसे Uda: Ex.

: लड़की laRaki > लडकिया LaRakiaa [eg. :a girl > a particular girl]

: लोटकी loTaki > लताकिया loTakiaa [:a small pot > a particular pot.]

: गाड़ी gaaRi > गड़िया gaRiaa [: a vehicle > a particular vehicles.]

5.3 सर्वनाम Sarvanaam [Pronoun]:

सर्वनाम त, कवनो संज्ञा के बदले आवे वाला शब्द के कहल जाला;

कवनो भाषा के पहचान ओकर सर्वनाम आ क्रिया से होला;

सर्वनाम के कुछ प्रकार आ ओकर रूप देखीं:

Sarvanaam ta, kawano sangyaa ke badale aawe waalaa shabda ke kahal jaalaa.

Kawano bhaasaa ke pahcaan okar Sarvanaam aa Kriyaa se holaa.

Sarvanaam ke kuch Prakaar:

5.3.1 व्यक्तिवाचक सर्वनाम Vyaktivaacak sarvanaam: [Personal Pronoun]:

हम ham [I] हम ham [we]

तूं , रउआ tu`, rauaa. [you] तूं लोग, रउआ लोग ,tu` log, rauaa log [you]

ऊ uu, [he, she, it] ऊ लोग uu log ऊ सब [they]

5.3.2 सम्बन्ध सूचक सर्वनाम Sambandh Soocak Sarvan [Possesive Pronoun]

हमार [my] हमनीके [our] आपन [our own]

तहार, राउर tahaar [your] [your]

ओकर उनकर ओहलोगन के, ओहनी के

5.3.3 कर्मसूचक सर्वनाम Karm Soocak: [Objective]

हमरा के hamraa ke, [me] हमनी के hami ke [us]

तहरा के tahraa ke, [to you] तहनी के tahni ke [to you]

रउआ के rauaa ke, [to you] रउआ लोगन के rauaa logan ke, [ to you: for repected one.]

अपने के apane ke, अपने सभन के

भोजपुरी में सर्वनाम के 3 , 4 स्तर होला, Bhojpuri Sarbanaam ke 3, 4 star holaa, jab ki Angreji me` aisan kuchuo naa hokhe.

[In Bhojpuri there are 3 to 4 gradations of repect, but in English there is hardly any thing like this. Thus, in English friquent uses of please, kindly etc is needed to show ‘respect’.]

5.4 क्रिया Kriyaa [Verb] Varb.

क्रिया त~ कवनो भाषा के पहचान ह.

अंगरेजी में त क्रिया के बिना कवनो वाक्ये ना बन सके

संस्कृत में क्रिया के 'धातु ' कहल जाला जेकर माने होला 'मूल शब्द' जेही से सब शब्द बनेलसन. इहो बड़ा मजा के बात बा:-

संस्कृत में एके शब्द के अलग अलग हाल, डोमेन में अलग अलग अर्थ होला:-

'भौतिक जगत' में 'धातु' = मेटल:- ताम्बा, सोना, सोडियम, ... जे से पदार्थ सब बनेलन स.

'जीव जगत' में 'धातु' = वीर्य जे से जीवधारी जनमेला, आ

'भाषा शास्त्र' में` 'धातु' = 'मूल शब्द' जे से कवनो 'काम' के होहल्ला के पता चलेला, ना कि "धर्म - अर्थ - काम - मोक्ष" वाला 'काम'.

‘Kriya’ ta kawano bhaasaa ke pahcaan ha.

Angrejee me` ta binaa kriyaa ke vaakya banabe naa kare.

Sanskrit ke sab shabda 'kriyaa ke mool roop' = 'dhaatu' se banelaa.

[In English a sentence must have at least 1 verb.

In Sanskrit all ‘root words’ are called ‘dhaatu’, the building blocks of words.]

क्रिया के अलग अलग एकबचम आ बहुबचन होला भोजपुरी में; काल जे समाया बतावेला, ओकर मोटा - मोटी 3 रूप होला:-

1. वर्त्तमान काल > ऊ क्रिया शब्द जे से पता चले कि अबहीं काम होता

2. भूत काल > जे आम होगईल बा

3. भविष्यत काल > जे काम होई

Kriyaa ke alag alag ‘1 Bacan’ aa ‘Bahubacan’ holaa Bhojpuri me`. Kaal ke, je samay bataawelaa, okar moTaa mpTee 3 roop holaa:

1. Vartamaan. [Present] 2. Bhoot [Past] 3. Bhavisyat [Future]

5.4.1 क्रिया > काल Kriya > Kaal [Verb Tense]: Varb Tensa

Kaal k, je samay bataawelaa uu moTaa mpTee 3 roop me` holaa.

Kriyaa ke roop Bacan, Kaal aa Purus ke calate badlelaa.

1. Vartamaan. [Present] PrezenT 2. Bhoot [Past] PaasT 3. Bhavisyat [Future] Fyucar.

उदाहरण: Uda. Exa.: Kriyaa: [Verb[:

1. जाना Jaanaa: [to go]

ऊ जाता. ऊ जातारी. ऊ गइल. ऊ गइली. ऊ जेहन.

Uu jaataa. Uu jaataari. Uu gail. Uu gaili. Uu jaihan.

[He goes. She goes. He went. She went. He / She will go.]

Hi goz. Shi goz. Hi wenT. Shi wenT. Hi / Shi will go.

(dis iz “21^sT Sencuri Inglish).

ऊ जारहल बा. ऊ जाल रहे. ऊ जाते रहिहन. ऊ जइहन.

Uu jaa rahal baa. Uu jaat rahe. Uu jaate rahihan Uu jaihan.

[He is going. He was going. He will be going. He will go.]

Hi iz guing. Hi waaz guing. Hi will bi guing, Hi will go.

2. आना Aanaa: [To come]

ऊ आवता. ऊ आवतारी. ऊ आइल. ऊ अइली. ऊ आई.

Uu aawataa. Uu aawataari. Uu aail. Uu aili. Uu aihan.

[He comes. She comes. He came. She came. He/ She will come.]

Hi kams. Shi kams. Hi kem. Shi kem. Hi / Shi will kam.

3. खाना Khaanaa: [To take food, to eat]

हम खातानी हम खइनी हम खाइब

Ham khaataani. Ham khaini. Ham khaaib.

[I eat. I ate. I shall eat.]

Aai eeT. Aai eT. Aai shael eeT.

हमनीके खातानी. हमनीके खइनी. हमनीके खाइब.

Hamani ke khaatani. Hamani ke khaini. Hamanike khaib.

[We eat. We ate. We shall eat.]

Wi eeT. Wi eT. Wi shael eeT.

4. करना Karanaa [to do]

तूं करतार. तूँ कइल. तूँ करबS. तूँ करबू . for a female]

Tu` karataara. Tu` kaila. Tu` karaba.

[You do. You did. You will do. > for a male]

Yu Du. Yu DiD. Yu will Du.

करतारु कइलू करबू

Tu` karataaru. Tu` kailu. Tu` karabu.

[You do. You did. You will do. > for a female]

रउआ करतानी कइनी करब

Rauaa karataani. Rauaa kaini. Rauaa karab.

[You do. You did. You will do.] for respected person.]

ऊ करता कइलस करी

Uu karataa. Uu kailas. Uu kari.

[He does. He did. He will do.]

करतारी कइली करी

Uu karataari. Uu kaili. Uu kari..

[She does. She did. She will do.]

Shi daz. Shi DiD. Shi will Du.

क्रिया के अउरु उदाहरण Auru kriya ke udaaharan: [More Verbs]:

बइठल उठल सुतल पढ़ल हंसल

baiThnaa. uT

[to sit] [to get up] [to sleep] [to read] [to laught]

Tu siT Tu geT ap Tu sleep Tu reed Tu laaf

देल लेल , पावल काटल बोअल पीएल

denaa, lenaa, paanaa, kaatnaa, bonaa. pinaa

[to give. To take. to get. To cut. to sow to drink]

Tu giv Tu Tek Tu geT Tu kaT Tu so Tu Drink

उठल उठावल मारल मुआवल जान से मारल

uThanaa uThaanaa maaranaa muaanaa

[ to get up to lift, raise [to hit] to kill ]

Tu geT ap Tu lifT Tu hiT Tu kill

5.5 वाक्यखण्ड Vaakyakhand, कहाउत Kahaauat,

बात - चीत Baat Ceet. [Phrases, Sayings, Conversation.]

Frezez, Seings, Kanvarsesan (21^sT Sencuri ‘Inglish’”)

(a) आई Aayi`, [Welcome,]

प्रणाम! Pranaam. [Good morning.]

रउआ कइसन बानी? Rauaa kaisan baani? [How are you, sir? How are you, madam?]

हम ठीक बानी. Ham Theek baani. [I’m fine. How are you?]

(b) नमस्ते! Namaste, [ Good morning,]

का हाल बा?Ka haal caal baa? [How are you?]

सब ठीके बा Sab Theeke baa. [Every thing is fine.]

आईं बैठीं Aayi` baiThi`. [Please come and be seated. Please sit down.]

बैठ! BaiTha~ [Sit down.]

(c) आज का करे के बा?Aaj kaa kare ke baa? [What is to be done today?]

(d) का बाजार चलेके? Kaa baajaar caleke? [Should we go to the market?]

(e) हं! Ha`. Jee [Yes.]

(f) ना, अबहीं ना Naa, abahee` naa. . [No. Not now]

5.6 वाक्य बनावे के Vaakya Banaawe ke [Sentence making]:

नियम Niyam: [Rules]:

5.6.1 वाकय के पहिला अक्षर रोमन के 'कैपिटल' लेटर में होई.

Vaakya ke pahilkaa axar Roman ke ‘kapital’ letter me` hoi.

[The first letter of a sentence shall be in Capital.]

5.6.2 व्यक्तिबाचक संज्ञा के पहिला अक्षर रोमन के 'कैपिटल' लेटर होई.

Vyakti Vaacak Sangya ke pahilkaa axar ‘kapital’ me` hoi.

[The first letter of a proper noun shall be in Capital]

5.6.3 शीर्षक के हर शब्दन के पहिला अक्षर रोमन के 'कैपिटल' लेटर में होई.

Sirsak ke har shabd ke pahilaa axar ‘kapital’ me` hoi.

[The first letter of the heading of each word shall be in Capital letter.]

5.6.4 कारक Kaarak: [Case: ‘Linking words’ between nouns.]

Kes: ‘Linking warDs’ biTween naauns.

5.6.4.1 कर्ता कारक के चिन्ह Kartaa kaarak ke cinh: [Sign of a Subject: nil.]

Saain aof a SabjekT.

कुछुओ ना Kichuo naa. [nothing] nil.

मिसाल Misaal:

राम जा तारे. Raam jaa taare. (Raam ke baad kichuo naa.) [Ram goes. Nothing after Raam.] Raama goz. Nating aafTar Raama.

5.6.4.2 कर्म कारक के चिन्ह Karma Kaarak ke cinh: [Sign of Object: nil, to] Saain aof AobjekT: nil, Tu.

कुछुओ ना, के Kichuo naa, ‘ke’

मिसाल Misaal:

राम आम खातारन. Raam aam khaa taaran. [Ram eats a mango.]

Raama eeTs a maengo.

:राम आम के खाता. Raam aam ke khaa taaran.

5.6.4.3 क़रण कारक के चिन्ह 'से ', जरिए, जवरे. Karan Kaarak Ke cinh:

[Sign of ‘means or company: by, with] Saain aof ‘meens’ aor kampani: baaai, with.

‘se’, ‘jarie’, 'jaware' [ jaware = with]

मिसाल Misaal:

सीता कलम से लिखतारी Sitaa kalam se likhataari. [Sitaa writes with a pen. > Note: In English also Sitaa is written instead of ‘Sita’ to be more perfect.] Sitaa raaiTs with apen.

5.6.4.4 सम्प्रदान कारक के चिन्ह ह 'खातिर '

Sampradaan Kaarak ke cinh: [Sign of Dative: ‘khaatir’, ‘ke’= for]

मिसाल Misaal: ई आम राम खातिर बा.

Ee aam Raam khaatir baa. [This mango is for Raam] Dis maengo iz faor Raama.

5.6.4.5 अपादान कारक के चिन्ह 'से 'Aapaadaan Kaarak ke cinh:

[Sign of Separation: ‘se’= from] : ‘se’

मिसाल Misaal: आसमान से बरखा बरसता.

Aasmaan se barkha barsata. [It rains from the sky.] IT rens fraom da sky.

5.6.4.6 सम्बन्ध कारक के चिन्ह 'के' ह.

Sambandh Kaarak ke cinh: ‘ke’ [Sign of Relation: ‘ke’ = of] Saain aof rilesan.

मिसाल Misaal: राम के गाय,

Raam ke gaay. [The cow of Raam.] Da kaau aof Raama.

Sitaa ke bakri. [The goat of Sitaa.] Da go~T aof Sitaa.

5.6.4.7 अधिकरण कारक के चिन्ह 'में', प, पर, ऊपर.

Adhikaran Kaarak ke cinh: [Sign of General Relation:] Saain aof Jeneral rilesan.

‘me’, ‘par’, uupar [‘me`’= in, ‘par’ = at, on]

मिसाल Misaal:

ऊ घर प बाड़े. Uu ghar par baaRe. [He is at the house] Hi iz aeT da haaus.

बकसा में फराक बा.

Bakasaa me` faraak baa. [The frock is in the box.] Da book iz in da baox.

5.6.5 संयोजक Sanyojak [Connectors]:

संयोजक - 2, चाहे 2 से जादा शब्दन के, वाक्य खंड के, चाहे वाक्यन के जोड़े के काम करेला.

Sanyojak 2, caahe 2 se jaadaa Shabdan ke, Vaakyakhandan ke, caahe Vaakyan ke joRe ke kaam karelaa. [Connectors are used to connect 2 or more Words, Phrases or Sentences.] KannekTars aar yusD Tu kannekT 2 aor mo~r warDs,frezez, aor SenTenses.

कुछ संयोजक Kuch Sa`yojak: [Some connctors]:

आ, Aa, अउरु auru, [and], aend > राम आ मोहन Raan aa Mohan, [Ram and Mohan] Raam aend Mohan.

चाहे Caahe, or > सीता चाहे लता Sitaa caahe Lataa, [Sitaa or Lataa] Sitaa aor Lataa > Vide using Sita, Lata in English >> no question of ‘pidgin’.

बाकी Baaki,बाकिर baakir > but राम जातारन बाकी सीता भितरे बॉडी [Raam goes but Sitaa remains in.] Raam jaataaran baaki Sitaa bhitare baaRi.

जे Je, जवन jawan > which, who ऊ घोड़ा जे चरत रहे, कहउ चल गइल [The horse which was grazing, is missing now.] da haors whic waaz grezing, iz missing.

Uu ghoRaa je carat rahe, kaha`u cal gail.

काहे कि kaahe ki > because, since, for [The man was not guilty, since he was freed by the court.] ऊ आदमी दोषी ना रहे, काहे कि ओकरा के न्यायालय बरी क देलस. Uu aadmee dosi naa rahe, kaahe ki okaraa ke Nyaayaalaya bari ka delas.

एही से ehee se, ओही से ohee se > due to,

पहिले pahile > before [Before it is too late, go to the office] ढेर देर होखे से पहिले कार्यालय जा. Dher der hokhe se pahile, kaaryaalay jaa.

बाद में baad me` > [after], aafTar

कब kab > [when], when

जब jab, तब tab > [when. then] when, den

जबतक jabtak, जबले > [till, untill] Till, anTil

कहां kahaa` > [where] wheyar

कईसे kaise > [how] haau

तबहुओ tabahu`o > [yet. even then] yeT, iven den

--ओ , > aolso [also ] [Ram and Madan also] राम आ मदनो. Raama aend Madan aolso.

5.7. किछु वाक्य बनावल जाव Kichu Vaakya Banaawal Jaav. [Let us make some sentences.] LeT as mek sam senTenses.

(1) ॐ रामों गति, देहु सुमति Om, Raamogati, dehu sumati.

[O..m, Ram is velocity itself; O Raam! Please give (me/ us) wisdom.]

Oo...m, Raama iz velosiTi iTself; O Raama! Pleez giv (mi / as) wisDam.

(2) एही से ज्ञान विज्ञान आ वृद्धि विकास सुरु हों गइल.

Ehi se gyaan, vigyaan aa buddhi vikaas suru ho gail.

[Knowledge, science and wisdom starts developing from here itself.]

Naolej, saains, aend wisDam sTaarTs Develaoping fraom hiyar iTself.

(3) हम भोजपुरी पढतानी. Ham Bhojpuri paD*ataani. [I study Bhojpuri.]

Aai sTaDi Bhojpuri.

भोजपुरी बड़ा सरळ बा. Bhojpuri baRaa saral baa.

[Bhojpuri is very easy.] Bhojpuri iz veri izi.
भोजपुरी सब महादेशन में किछु किछु बोलल जाला. Bhojpuri sab Mahadesan me` kichu kichu bolal jaalaa. [Bhojpuri is spoken in all the continents little bit.]
भिखारी ठाकुर भोजपुरी के शेक्सपियर हवन. Bhikhaari Thaakur Bhojpuri ke Sekspiar havan. [Bhikhari Thakur is the Shakespeare of Bhojpuri.]

Bhikhaari Thaakur iz da Shekespiar aof Bhojpuri.

(7) श्री शिवपूजन सहाय आ शालिग्राम शुक्ला भोजपुरी व्याकरण के बड़हन पंडित हवन  Sri Sivapujan Sahaay aa Shaaligraam Shuklaa Bhojpuri Vyakaran ke baRahan Pandit hawan.

[Mr. Shivapujan Sahaya and Mr. Shaligram Shukla are the great grammaticians of Bhojpuri.] Mr. Shivapujan Sahaaya aend Mr. Shaaligraam Shuklaa aar da greT GraameTisian aof Bhojpuri.

(8)  श्री शिवपूजन सहाय के जनमस्थान जिला आरा अब भोजपुर, बिहार,   भारत ह. Sri Shivapujan Sahaaya ke janam staan jila Ara ab Bhojpur,     Bihar,  Bhaarat ha.

[The birth place of Mr. Shivapujan Sahay is district Bhojpur, Bihar, India.]

Da barth ples aof Mr. Shivapujan Sahaaya iz DisTrikT Bhojpur, Bihaar, Indiaa.

(9)     श्री शालिग्राम शुक्ला दक्षिण अमेरिका के भोजपुरी के पंडित हवन  Sri Shaaligraam Shuklaa daxin Amerikaa ke Bhojpuri ke Pandit havan.

[Mr. Shaligram Shukla comes from South America.and he is a Pandit of Bhojpuri.]

            Mr. Shaaligraam Shuklaa kams fraom Saauth Amerikaa aend hi iz a Pandit aof Bhojpuri.

(10)   कड़ोरो भोजपुरिआ लोग संसार भर में बसल बाड़न KaroRo Bhojpuriaa log Sansaar bhar me` basal baaRan.

[Millions of Bhojpuri speaking persons are spread all over the world.]

Millions aof Bhojpuri speeking parsans aar spreD aol ovar da WarlD.

5.7.1 अनुच्छेद आ वाक्य के काल. Anucched aa Vaakya ke Kaal. [Tense of a Paragraph and of the sentences.] Tensa aof a Paaraagraaf aend aof da senTenses.

       वाक्य के काल, वाक्य के क्रिया के काल से पता चलेला.

    एके अनुच्छेद में अलग अलग वाक्यं के काल अलग हो सकेला, जे अनुच्छेद के वाक्यन के बीच के संबंध प निर्भर करेला.

    Vaakya ke Kaal, vaakya ke kriyaa ke kaal se pataa calelaa. Eke anucched me` alag alag vaakyan ke kaal alag ho sakelaa, je anucched ke Vaakyan ke beec ke sambandh pa nirbhar karelaaa.

           [The tense of a sentence is the tense of its verb. In any Paragraph different sentences can have different tenses, depending on their internal relations.]

           Da Tensa aof a senTensa iz da Tensa aof iTs varb. In eni Paaraagraaf diffarenT senTenses kaen haev diffarenT Tenses, DipenDing aon deyar inTarnal relesans.

6.     भोजपुरी साहित्य विचार Bhojpuri Saahitya: Satya Vicaar [Bhojpuri Literature: Truthful     Thinking] Bhojpuri LiTarecar: Truthful thinking.

भोजपुरी भाषा, साहित्य आ संस्कृति:-

Bhojpuri Bhaasaa, Saahitya aa Sanskriti:

[Bhojpuri Language, Literature and Culture]:

Bhojpuri Languej, LiTarecar aend Kalcar:

6.1 'भोजपुरी भाषा', हिंदी के ‘बोली’ ना ह, बलुक ओकर फुआ / बुआ ह, भाषा शास्त्र के अनुसार.

  भोजपुरी भाषा आ साहित्य के जवरे लोग भोजपुरिआ संस्कृतिओ के जानेलन.

   'Bhojpuri Bhaasaa', Hindi ke 'boli' naa ha~, baluk okar fuaa / buaa ha~, Bhaasaa Shaashtra ke anusaar.

Bhojpuri bhaasaa aa Saahitya ke jaware log Bhojpuriyaa Sanskritio ke jaanelan.

भोजपुरी कवनो उपभाषा ना ह हिंदी के, जईसन कि अनेक सरकारी अधिकारी कहलन, बाकिर ई एक  वंश ऊपर के ह;

भाषाविद लोगन के अनुसार, 'भोजपुरी भाषा' हिंदी के बुआ ह, आ मगही, अवधी, मैथिलि, बज्जिका आदि के बहिन ह; जदपि भोजपुरी के जनम आरा +छपरा + बल्लिया में भइल बा, ई मध्यप्रदेश, पूरबी उत्तरप्रदेश,पश्चिमी बिहार, उत्तर-पश्चिमी झाड़खंड, उ. पू छत्तीसगढ़; आ नेपाल के मधेसी में` पसरल बा सुरुये से

[Bhojpuri is not a dialect of Hindi as some learned Indian Govt. officials say, but it is a Generation higher.

According to the Linguistic Science, ‘Bhojpuri language’, is the aunt of Hindi and sister of Magahi, Awadhi, Bajjika, Maithili etc. Although Bhojpuri is born

between Ara+Chhapra+Ballia, it has spread to Madhya Pradesh, Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Western Bihar, North-West Jharkhand, North East Chhattisgarh ; and as Madhesi of Nepal.]

Bhojpuri iz naoT a DaayalekT aof Hindi aez sam larneD Indian GavT. aoffisials se, baT iT iz a Jenaresan haaiyar. EkkaorDing Tu da LingwisTik Saainsa, ‘Bhojpuri laenguej iz d aunT aof Hindi aend sisTar aof Magahi, Maithili, Bajjikaa eTs. Aoldo Bhojpuri iz baorn biTween Aaraa+Chapraa+Balliyaa, iT is spreD Tu Madhya Pradesh, EesTarn Uttar Pradesh, WesTarn Bihaar, NW Jhaarkhand, NE Chattisgarh; aend aez Madhesi aof Nepaal.

भोजपुरी के नावे से पताचलता कि भोजपुरी के जनम बिहार के 'आरा, छपरा ,  बल्लिया' के त्रिपुण्ड में बिहार आ उत्तर प्रदेश में भइल बा, जेकर नाव बा 'भोजपुरी' राजा भोज के राज में`जिनकर राजमहल, बा मध्यप्रदेश, भोपाल के नियरे वाला 'भोजपुर' में  जिनकर राज पूरा उत्तर भारत में रहे आसाम से कांधार, आज के अफगानिस्तान ले. एही से भोजपुरी में अरबी - फारसी अनेक शब्द आ कहाउत भरल बाडेस.

[The name Bhojpuri, itself suggests, when we say that Bhojpuri is born in ‘Ara Chhaparaa Ballia’ in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh but it is named after King Bhoj whose palace is situated in Bhojpur in present Madhya Pradesh state, who of course reigned in entire North India from Assam to Gaandhaar, now in Afghanistan, that is why Bhojpuri inherits lot of Arabi-Faarsi words.]

बाकिर राजा भोज के बाद भारत में 'करिया युग' सुरु होगईल, यह से भोजपुरी साहित्य के बढे के सुबिधा ना मिलल

Baakir Raajaa Bhoj ke baad Bhaarat ke ‘Kariyaa Yug’ suru ho gail, eh se Bhojpuri Sahitya ke baD*e ke subidha naa milal.

[However, after King Bhoj, ‘Black Era’ started in India due to which there was no conducive atmosphere for development of Bhojpuri Literaure.]

Haauevar, aaftar King Bhoj, ‘Blaek Eraa’ sTaarTeD in Indiaa Diu Tu which deyar waaz no kanDyusiv aTmosfeyar faor da DevelaopmenT aof Bhojpuri

तबहुओ संत कवीर दास जी अउरु प्रकृति कवि घाघ के ढेढ कविता अउरु छोट छोट कहाउत भोजपुरी साहित्य के बढ़ावे में बड़ा हांथ बा. मिसाल के रूप में नीचे कुछ लिखल जाता.

Tabahu`o Sant Kabir Das ji aur Prakriti Kavi Ghaagh ke Dher kavitaa aur choT choT kahaaut Bhojpuri Saahitya ke baD*aave me` baRaa haa`th baa. Misaal ke roop me` neeche kuch likhal jaataa:

[Still the poems of poet Kavir Das and poetical sayings of the famous nature poet Ghaagh have helped in the development of Bhojpuri Literature. As an example some thing is produced below:]

चालु बा

Bhojpuri Grammar Reedars: baai 28.07.2020 Blog pa:
Blog
bhojpurigrammar.blogspot.com		InBho.blospot.com	Bhojpuri grammar

United States	14716
India	5165
Russia	727
France	334
Turkmenistan	226
Germany	195
Ukraine	121
Nepal	86
Bangladesh	84
Indonesia	76
Bahut desh	21730	671	183
Sab leke	22584	TwenTu thaauzenD FaaivHanDreDeTTifor ReeDars

bhojpurigrammer.blogspot.com

Tuesday, 28 July 2020

Bhojpuri Grammar Reedars: baai 28.07.2020

Monday, 15 June 2020

कवि घाघ के कहाउत: Ghaagh ke Kahaut:

Tuesday, 9 June 2020

Necar PoeT Ghaadh

Tuesday, 2 June 2020

भोजपुरी के नावे से पताचलता

Sunday, 31 May 2020

[Preliminari] InBho: Bhojpuri Graamar:: भोजपुरी व्याकरण (With 21st Sencuri Inglish) 4th EDDisan.